Driscoll's berries
Session 01Exercise C

Session 01 · Leverage

Financial Leverage

Assets are fixed at $100m. Decide how much is funded by equity. Watch ROE rise — and risk follow.

Assets = Equity + Debt

Equity 50%
Debt 50%
← EquityTotal assets: $100m (fixed)Debt →
Equity held (% of assets)50%

Slide left to increase debt and lever up returns. Slide right to reduce debt and de-risk.

← More leverageLess leverage →

ROE

8.3%

D/E Ratio

1.0x

Coverage

3.2x

The Leverage Effect

Moderate Risk
DANGERSAFEEQUITYRISKASSETS
Equity arm falls ↓ with more debtRisk climbs ↑ with debt

The Maths

EBIT (fixed, 8% RONA)$8.0m
Interest ($50m × 5%)− $2.5m
Net profit (25% tax)$4.1m
ROE = $4.1m ÷ $50m8.3%

Conservative leverage — a balanced position

A moderate debt level is lifting ROE above what equity alone could achieve. Interest coverage is comfortable and most lenders would view this as responsible. The lever is working for you.